UTILS.
100% in-browser
🔥

Specific Heat Calculator (Q=mcΔT)

Solve heat, mass, specific heat, or temperature change from Q = mcΔT, with presets for common substances.

Leave exactly one field blank to solve for it.

About this tool

The Specific Heat Calculator is a free, in-browser tool that applies the calorimetry equation Q = mcΔT and solves for whichever quantity — heat, mass, specific heat capacity, or temperature change — you leave blank. A dropdown of common substances (water, ice, steam, ethanol, aluminium, iron, copper, gold, lead, air) fills in the specific heat for you, or you can switch to a custom value.

All of the maths runs locally in your browser with nothing uploaded, so your measurements stay private on your device. The result is shown in joules alongside kilojoule and calorie equivalents, and it recalculates live as you edit any field.

Heat Q is in joules (J), mass m in grams (g), specific heat c in J/g°C, and the temperature change ΔT in degrees Celsius (numerically identical to kelvin for a difference). The built-in specific-heat values are near-room-temperature approximations; water is taken as 4.186 J/g°C and the calorie conversion uses the thermochemical calorie of 4.184 J.

Frequently asked questions

What units does this use?
Heat in joules (J), mass in grams (g), specific heat in J/g°C, and ΔT in °C (equal in size to a kelvin change). So heating 100 g of water by 20°C at 4.186 J/g°C absorbs Q = 100 × 4.186 × 20 = 8372 J.
Where do the substance presets come from?
They are standard near-room-temperature specific-heat capacities in J/g°C: water 4.186, ice 2.09, steam 2.01, ethanol 2.44, aluminium 0.897, iron 0.449, copper 0.385, gold 0.129, lead 0.128, and dry air 1.005. Pick Custom to type your own.
Can I solve for temperature change or mass?
Yes. Leave any one of the four fields blank. Blank ΔT gives Q ÷ (m·c), blank mass gives Q ÷ (c·ΔT), and blank specific heat gives Q ÷ (m·ΔT); the others must be non-zero to avoid dividing by zero.
How are calories and kilojoules shown?
The result tiles convert the joule value: kilojoules are joules ÷ 1000, and calories use the thermochemical calorie, joules ÷ 4.184.

More tools