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Beaufort Wind Scale Converter

Convert wind speed (mph, km/h, knots, m/s) to a Beaufort force and back, with the force name, sea state, effects and typical wave height.

About this tool

Convert between a measured wind speed and its Beaufort force number, either direction. The Beaufort scale runs from 0 (Calm) to 12 (Hurricane force) and describes what the wind actually does on land and sea. Everything is computed in your browser.

Speeds are first converted to metres per second (1 mph = 0.44704 m/s, km/h ÷ 3.6, 1 knot = 0.514444 m/s). The force is then B = round((v / 0.836)^(2/3)), clamped to 0–12. Going the other way, the representative speed for a force is v = 0.836 · B^1.5 m/s, which is then shown in all four units. For example 10 m/s gives force 5 (Fresh breeze).

Each result includes the force name, the described effects, and the typical (probable) wave height in the open sea for that force — from a mirror-calm 0 m up to 14 m at hurricane force. Wave heights are open-water estimates and real conditions vary with fetch, depth and duration.

Frequently asked questions

What is the Beaufort scale?
An empirical measure relating wind speed to observed conditions on land and sea, from force 0 (calm) to force 12 (hurricane), devised by Francis Beaufort in 1805.
How is the force calculated?
Wind speed is converted to m/s, then B = round((v / 0.836)^(2/3)), clamped to the 0–12 range. The reverse uses v = 0.836 · B^1.5 for the representative speed of a force.
Are the wave heights exact?
No. They are the probable open-sea wave heights associated with each force; actual waves depend on how long and how far the wind has been blowing, plus water depth.
Which wind speed should I enter?
Beaufort is defined for the sustained wind measured at 10 m above ground, not gusts. Enter a steady average speed for the most accurate force.

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