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Duct Size Calculator (Round & Rectangular)

Find the round duct diameter or rectangular dimensions to carry a given CFM at a target velocity, plus the ASHRAE equivalent-round of a rectangular duct.

Enter the airflow and target velocity to size a round or rectangular duct.

About this tool

The Duct Size Calculator is a free, in-browser HVAC tool that sizes ductwork by the velocity method: it finds the cross-sectional area a duct needs to carry a given airflow at a chosen air speed. The required area in square feet is simply CFM ÷ velocity (fpm); multiplied by 144 that becomes square inches. From the area a round duct diameter follows as d = √(4·A/π) = √(1.2732·A), rounded up to the next standard round size (4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 16 in and up).

All calculations run locally in your browser, so nothing you enter is uploaded. For a rectangular duct you fix one side and the tool computes the other from the same required area (b = A ÷ a), then reports the ASHRAE equivalent-round diameter — the round duct with the same friction loss and airflow — using De = 1.30·(a·b)^0.625 ÷ (a+b)^0.25. It also shows the actual velocity in the nearest standard round duct, so you can see how rounding up affects air speed.

Typical target velocities guide the choice: residential supply mains run about 700–900 fpm, branch runs near 600 fpm, and returns 500–700 fpm, with lower speeds for quieter operation. This is a practical velocity-method sizing aid; a full design should also check the total friction rate (often about 0.1 in. w.g. per 100 ft) and account for fittings, but the velocity method is the standard quick way to pick a duct size.

Frequently asked questions

How do I calculate duct size from CFM?
Divide CFM by the target velocity (fpm) to get area in ft², multiply by 144 for in², then for a round duct take d = √(1.2732 × area in²). Round up to the next standard duct size. This is the velocity method.
What air velocity should I design for?
For residential systems: supply mains about 700–900 fpm, branch runs near 600 fpm, and returns 500–700 fpm. Lower velocities are quieter but need larger ducts; higher velocities save space but raise noise and friction.
What is equivalent round diameter?
It is the round duct that has the same airflow and friction loss as a given rectangular duct. The ASHRAE formula is De = 1.30 × (a·b)^0.625 ÷ (a+b)^0.25, where a and b are the rectangular sides in inches.
What size duct for 400 CFM?
At 700 fpm the area is 400 ÷ 700 = 0.571 ft² = 82.3 in², giving d = √(1.2732 × 82.3) ≈ 10.2 in, so a 12-inch round duct is the next standard size. Lowering the velocity would call for a larger duct.

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