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Compass Declination & Bearing Converter

Convert back bearings, magnetic-to-true bearings with declination, and the initial bearing and distance between two lat/long points.

About this tool

The Compass Declination & Bearing Converter is a free, in-browser tool that handles the three bearing conversions navigators use most: reversing a bearing, correcting magnetic readings to true north, and finding the direction and distance between two coordinates. Pick a mode and the answer updates as you type — you supply the declination yourself, so no live magnetic-model data is fetched and nothing is uploaded.

In back-bearing mode it applies backBearing = (bearing + 180) mod 360, so a bearing of 90° reverses to 270° — the direction to look back along your line of travel. In declination mode it converts a magnetic compass reading to true north with true = magnetic + declination (east declination positive, west negative), reports the true back bearing, and optionally applies grid convergence to give a grid bearing. In coordinate mode it computes the initial great-circle bearing with θ = atan2(sin Δλ · cos φ₂, cos φ₁ · sin φ₂ − sin φ₁ · cos φ₂ · cos Δλ), plus the great-circle distance from the haversine formula on a 6,371 km sphere.

Declination changes with location and drifts over years, so read the current value from your map legend or a magnetic-model source and enter it here. Use back bearings to retrace a route, declination correction to align a map with the field, and the coordinate mode to plan a heading between two waypoints.

Frequently asked questions

What is a back bearing?
A back bearing is the reverse of a bearing — the direction you would sight to look back where you came from. Add or subtract 180°: a bearing of 90° has a back bearing of 270°, and 200° has a back bearing of 20°. The tool wraps the result into the 0-360° range for you.
How do I convert magnetic to true north?
Add the magnetic declination to your compass reading, treating east declination as positive and west as negative: true = magnetic + declination. So a magnetic bearing of 60° with 10° east declination is 70° true. Reverse the sign to go from true back to a magnetic bearing to set on your compass.
Where do I get the declination value?
Read it from your topographic map's margin diagram, or look up the current figure for your location from a magnetic model such as the World Magnetic Model. Because declination drifts over time, use a recent value; this tool never fetches it for you, which keeps it fully offline.
How is the bearing between two coordinates found?
It uses the initial great-circle bearing formula with atan2 on the two latitude/longitude points, which is the compass heading you would start on. Along a long route that heading gradually changes, so it also shows the back bearing and the straight-line great-circle distance.

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