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Distance to Horizon Calculator

Find how far away the horizon is from your eye height, plus the distance at which a distant object rises into view over the curve.

About this tool

The Distance to Horizon Calculator is a free, in-browser tool that tells you how far it is to the visible horizon from any eye height, and how far away a tall object (a lighthouse, mountain, ship or building) first appears over the Earth's curve. Enter your height above the water or ground and the answer updates instantly — nothing is uploaded and no map or GPS is needed.

For the horizon itself it uses the standard geometric approximation d(km) = 3.57 × √h(m), where h is your eye height in metres; in miles this is the equivalent d(mi) = 1.22 × √h(ft). Switching on atmospheric refraction bends light slightly around the curve and raises the constant to about 3.86, extending the visible range by roughly 8%. When you also enter a target height, the tool adds the two separate horizon distances — one for your eye and one for the object's top — so the total is how far apart you can be and still see the object peek over the horizon.

This is the geometric line-of-sight limit only; haze, waves, terrain and light conditions all shorten what you can actually make out. Use it for coastal navigation, spotting summits, planning photography or simply settling the question of how far you can see from a hilltop or a plane window.

Frequently asked questions

Why is the horizon about 4.7 km away for a standing adult?
A typical standing eye height is around 1.7 m. Plugging into d = 3.57 × √1.7 gives roughly 4.65 km (about 2.9 miles). Double your height and the distance grows with the square root, so it only increases by about 40%, not 100%.
What does the target height do?
It models how far away a tall object becomes visible over the curve. The tool computes the horizon distance for your eye and for the object's top separately, then adds them. A 100 m lighthouse is visible from far beyond your own 4-5 km horizon because its light clears the bulge from its own height.
Should I include atmospheric refraction?
For everyday estimates the geometric value (3.57) is fine. Real air bends light downward, so surveyors and mariners often use a refracted constant near 3.86, which extends the horizon by roughly 8%. Refraction varies with temperature and pressure, so treat it as an average, not an exact figure.
Is the result exact?
It is a geometric line-of-sight limit assuming a smooth sphere of radius 6,371 km. In practice haze, waves, terrain, and unusual refraction (mirages) change what you can truly see, so use the number as an upper bound on visibility.

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