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RC / RL Time Constant Calculator

Find the RC or RL time constant, the 1τ–5τ charge levels, and voltage at any time while charging or discharging.

About this tool

RC / RL Time Constant Calculator is a free, in-browser tool that finds the time constant of a resistor-capacitor or resistor-inductor circuit and shows how far it has charged after any interval. Everything is computed locally in your browser.

The time constant is τ = R·C for an RC circuit and τ = L/R for an RL circuit. After one time constant a charging circuit reaches 63.2% of its final value, then 86.5% at 2τ, 95.0% at 3τ, 98.2% at 4τ and 99.3% at 5τ — which is why circuits are treated as fully settled after five time constants. If you enter a source voltage and a time, the tool evaluates the charging curve V(t) = Vs·(1 − e^(−t/τ)) and the discharging curve V(t) = Vs·e^(−t/τ). Inputs accept Ω/kΩ/MΩ, µF/nF/pF and mH/µH/H through the unit selectors.

Use it to size a timing or filter network, to estimate how long a capacitor takes to charge, or to check when an RL circuit's current has essentially settled. The time constant is auto-scaled to s, ms or µs.

Frequently asked questions

What is the time constant formula?
For a resistor-capacitor circuit τ = R·C; for a resistor-inductor circuit τ = L/R. τ has units of seconds and sets the speed of the exponential charge or decay.
What do the 63.2% and 99.3% figures mean?
They are the fraction of the final value reached after each time constant while charging: 63.2% at 1τ, 86.5% at 2τ, 95.0% at 3τ, 98.2% at 4τ and 99.3% at 5τ. Engineers treat the circuit as fully charged after about five time constants.
How are the charging and discharging voltages computed?
With a source voltage Vs and elapsed time t, charging follows V(t) = Vs·(1 − e^(−t/τ)) and discharging follows V(t) = Vs·e^(−t/τ). Enter both Vs and t to see these two tiles; leave them blank to see only the time-constant reference.
Is my circuit data private?
Yes. The tool runs entirely in your browser — the component values you enter are never uploaded and it works offline.

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