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Arc Length Calculator

Compute the arc length of a curve y=f(x) from x=a to x=b using L=∫√(1+f′(x)²) dx, evaluated numerically with adaptive Simpson's rule.

Enter f(x) using x as the variable and the interval endpoints a and b.

About this tool

The Arc Length Calculator is a free, in-browser tool that measures the true length of a curve y = f(x) between two x-values, following the winding path rather than the straight-line distance. It applies the standard formula L = ∫ from a to b of √(1 + [f′(x)]²) dx, which sums up infinitesimal segments √(dx² + dy²) along the curve. The derivative f′(x) is computed numerically, so any function of x you type works without you differentiating it.

Everything is calculated locally in your browser using a small expression parser, so nothing you enter is uploaded. Enter the function with x as the variable (for example x^2, sin(x), or x^(3/2)) and the interval endpoints a and b, and the tool integrates the arc-length integrand with composite Simpson's rule, doubling the number of subintervals until successive estimates agree to a tight tolerance for an accurate result. If you enter the endpoints in either order it uses the interval between them.

Arc length is a classic calculus II application for the distance travelled along a curve — the length of a road, wire, or graph. The result panel also shows the straight chord distance between the endpoints for comparison, which is always slightly shorter than the true arc length. For y = x² from x = 0 to x = 1 the arc length is about 1.478943, noticeably longer than the chord of √2 ≈ 1.414214.

Frequently asked questions

What is the arc length formula?
For a curve y = f(x), the arc length from a to b is L = ∫ from a to b of √(1 + [f′(x)]²) dx. It comes from summing tiny segments √(dx² + dy²) = √(1 + (dy/dx)²) dx along the curve.
How is the integral evaluated?
Numerically, with composite Simpson's rule. The tool starts at 1000 subintervals and repeatedly doubles them until two successive estimates agree to a tight tolerance, so the result is accurate for smooth functions without any symbolic integration.
Why is the arc length longer than the chord?
The chord is the straight-line distance between the endpoints, while the arc length follows every bend of the curve. Unless the curve is a straight line between the points, the winding path is always longer, so arc length ≥ chord distance.
What is the arc length of y = x² from 0 to 1?
It evaluates to about 1.478943. That is longer than the straight chord distance from (0, 0) to (1, 1), which is √2 ≈ 1.414214, because the parabola curves between the two endpoints.

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